ABSTRACT
Background: Many recent epidemiological studies have shown that epileptic patients are more likely suffer from depression, anxiety, and irritability. However, the cellular mechanisms of epilepsy-induced psychotic behaviors are not fully elucidated. Neurotrophin receptors have been suggested to be involved in epilepsy and also in psychiatric disorders. Up-regulation of p75NTR expression and activation of p75NTR signalling cascades after the seizure have been shown, but the role of the p75 receptor in epilepsy-induced psychotic behaviors has not been documented so far. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate the effect of p75 receptor blockade on seizure activity, irritability, and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat model of status epilepticus
Methods: Rats were injected with pilocarpine [350 mg/ kg, i.p.] to induce status epilepticus. Then various behavioral tests were performed after the blockade of p75NTR alone or in combination with p75 antagonist and phenobarbital. Molecular analysis by PCR was performed to investigate the expression of p75 and pro-NGF
Results: Molecular findings indicated a high level of mRNA expression for both p75 receptors and pro-NGF in the epileptic model group. Results also showed that the administration of p75 antagonist alone or in combination with phenobarbital was able to significantly influence the behavioral responses. Furthermore, 20-hours video monitoring showed a decrease in the frequency and duration of seizures in the rat group receiving p75 antagonist
Conclusion: Taken together, the present study suggests that the blockade of the p75 receptor may affect the irritability and anxietyrelated behavior in a rat model of status epilepticus
ABSTRACT
Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [BM-MSCs] elicit neuroprotective effects, and their repair ability has been investigated in different experimental models. We aimed to investigate the effect of multiple i.p. BM-MSCs injections in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in mice
Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice [n = 40] were fed a regular diet or a diet containing cuprizone [0.2% w/w] for six weeks. Bone marrow samples were taken from patients with spinal cord injury. BM-MSCs [2 * 10[6] in 1 milliliter medium] were administered intraperitoneally for two consecutive weeks at the end of the forth weeks of cuprizone administration. Animals [n = 12] were perfused with 10% paraformaldehyde at the end of sixth week. The brains were sectioned coronally in 6- 8-Mu m thickness [-2.3 to 1.8 mm from bregma]. The sections were stained by luxol fast blue-cresyl violet, and images were captured via a microscope. Demyelination ratio was estimated in corpus callosum in a blind manner. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the myelin basic protein gene expression at sixth week
Results: Histologically, cuprizone induced demyelination in the corpus callosum. Demyelinated area was diminished in the corpus callosum of cell-administered group. Cuprizone could decrease myelin-binding protein mRNAs expression in corpus callosum, which was significantly recovered after BM-MSCs injections
Conclusion: Our data indicated a remyelination potency of multiple i.p. BM-MSCs in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in mice
ABSTRACT
Introduction: It has shown that listening to Mozart music can potentiate spatial tasks in human; and reduce seizure attacks in epileptic patients. A few studies have reported the effects of prenatal plus postpartum exposure of mice to the Mozart music on brain-drived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] in the hippocampus. Here we investigated the effect of postpartum exposure to The Mozart music on BDNF concentration in the hippocampus of rat. Methods: Thirty male one day old newborn Wistar rats divided randomly in two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group exposed to slow rhythm Mozart music [Mozart Sonata for two pianos KV 448, 6 hour per day; sound pressure levels, between 80 and 100 dB] for 60 successive days. The control group was kept in separate room with housing conditions like experimental group except music exposure. After 60 days the rats were euthanized and hippocampuses extracted; then the content of BDNF protein was measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysis revealed that rats exposed to Mozart Sonata music had significantly increased BDNF content in the hippocampus as compared to control rats [P +/- 0.01]. The concentrations of BDNF were 86.30 +/- 2.26 and 94.60 +/- 6.22 ng/g wet weight in control and music exposure groups respectively. Discussion: Exposure to the Mozart music early in life can increase the BDNF concentration in the hippocampus in rats
ABSTRACT
Recent clinical studies of treating traumatic brain injury [TBI] with autologous adult stem cells led us to compare effect of intravenous injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [BMSC] and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, induced by granulocyte colony stimulating factor [G-CSF], in rats with a cortical compact device. Forty adult male Wistar rats were injured with controlled cortical impact device and divided randomly into four groups. The treatment groups were injected with 2 x 10[6] intravenous bone marrow stromal stem cell [n = 10] and also with subcutaneous G-CSF [n = 10] and sham-operation group [n = 10] received PBS and [bromodeoxyuridine [Brdu]] alone, i.p. All injections were performed 1 day after injury into the tail veins of rats. All cells were labeled with Brdu before injection into the tail veins of rats. Functional neurological evaluation of animals was performed before and after injury using modified neurological severity scores [mNSS]. Animals were sacrificed 42 days after TBI and brain sections were stained by Brdu immunohistochemistry. Statistically, significant improvement in functional outcome was observed in treatment groups compared with control group [P<0.01]. mNSS showed no significant difference between the BMSC and G-CSF-treated groups during the study period [end of the trial]. Histological analyses showed that Brdu-labeled [MSC] were present in the lesion boundary zone at 42[nd] day in all injected animals. In our study, we found that administration of a bone marrow-stimulating factor [G-CSF] and BMSC in a TBI model provides functional benefits